The Human Service Field Essay -- Ethics, Advocacy

The Human Service field can be trying to individuals on occasion and remunerating too in different snapshots of one’s vocation. What is the Human Services field precisely? As indicated by the National Organization for Human Services they report that â€Å"the field of Human Services is comprehensively characterized, remarkably moving toward the objective of addressing human needs through an interdisciplinary information base, concentrating on avoidance just as remediation of issues, and keeping up a promise to improving the general personal satisfaction of administration populations† (NOHS, 2009). Human Service experts are answerable for some assignments over a course of one’s situation as an expert. One piece of what is expected of a Human Service specialist would be the comprehension of the individual, family and network that they are serving, regarding the decent variety that would be sum us, and having the option to make proficient decisions at whatever point one is required to. Now, Reamer (2006) records those keys to social work practice in which I see as where I like to walk the way in and in which I was simply discussing above. These incorporate the accompanying â€Å"commitment to improving prosperity and helping meet fundamental human needs surprisingly, customer strengthening, administrations to individuals who are powerless and persecuted, center around singular prosperity in a social setting, advancement of social equity and social change, and affectability to social and ethnic decent variety â€Å" (pg/49-51) Human Services laborers must have some different characteristics also so as to effectively finish their situation in this profession. A portion of these are however excluded are; powerful tuning in and correspondence, successful association abilities, and great working relationship with others. As I thought about Reamer (2006), he goes on... ...tential advantages and dangers for each† (2006, pg. 73). Next, you will at that point analyze and figure out what the thinking was behind what just happened. â€Å"What happened when you acted? How much, if by any means, did your activity realize the normal outcomes? How much, if by any means, were there unexpected outcomes? Realizing what you know currently, would you have acted similarly or picked an alternate reaction to the situation† http://kspope.com/memory/ethics.php. When this has been done you might need to talk with another partner or a specialist or the like to run this data by to get some counsel from. At that point a choice would then be able to be made on where to go starting now and into the foreseeable future. When the choice has been made there should be documentation that should be recorded. The exact opposite thing that requirements to happen is the checking, assessing, and afterward archive the choice.

Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia Free Essays

Dynamic Nokia is a major broadcast communications organization that has encountered genuine brand and money related issues in the ongoing years, and of late fashioned a partnership with Microsoft to attempt to spare the circumstance. This paper will look at the key partnership between the two mammoth organizations by assessing their outside and inward situations. It will likewise look at three changed development methodologies and afterward select the most fitting one. We will compose a custom article test on Microsoft vital union with Nokia or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now From the assessment of the development methodologies in the paper, item improvement has been chosen and it is the main way that the organization can endeavor to come nearer to its rivals or even beat them in the market. Presentation and Company Background Nokia, which is a Finish Company that makes cell phones, has been in presence since the formation of the soonest cell phones, and the enterprise has figured out how to surprise the world by mastery of the versatile business (Roy, 2011, p. 23). The organization has a huge market and has been creating the best cell phones throughout the years. In any case, things have not been smooth for the organization in the North American market where infiltration has been a tough undertaking. This is especially awful news for the organization since it is where cell phones have become an essential item for each person, paying little heed to their ways of life. The cell phones advertise went up by as much as 50 percent in the year 2011 and Google has been in the number one spot in the business with their Android, a youthful working framework. The organization is very much aware of their concern everywhere throughout the world, and the United States of America specifically. This constrained them to enlist Stephen Elop, who turned into the primary individual from outside Finland to head the organization. This new CEO joined the organization from a high-positioning situation at the Microsoft Corporation in the year 2010. He had an essential assignment of expanding company’s piece of the overall industry top on the Asian and North American markets. Being the main individual from outside Finland to head the organization, he became under a ton of strain to guarantee that the offer misfortunes of the market of the organization are turned around. Nokia thought that it was hard to act in the market for cell phones and that is the reason they chose to have a partnership with the Microsoft Corporation to attempt to spare the circumstance (Saylor, 2012, p39). This was the primary significant advance that the new CEO took. The surprising collaboration with the Microsoft Corporation inspired a few discussions viewing Nokia just as about the general cell phones showcase (Schwarzinger, 2012, p.53). The IDC (International Data Corporation), which is an organization for advertise investigation, and screens the cell phones showcase, anticipated that the Windows Phones would turn into the second biggest supplier of programming for cell phones all around (Grant, R 2010, p. 31). The investigation and expectation depends on the vital union among Nokia and Microsoft Corporation. Joined with the anticipated development in the deals of cell phones and the forecasts given by the ICD, at that point how can it be that there was negative activity by the budgetary market when he updates on the two monster organizations teaming up came outThis is one of the inquiries that numerous money related experts have been asking themselves. This paper analyzes the key partnership between the two goliath organizations by assessing the ir outer and inner conditions. It will likewise analyze three diverse development techniques and afterward select the most suitable one. Outside Analysis The Five Forces Framework of Nokia The current rivalry that Nokia is looking in the telephone business has significantly influenced its piece of the pie. Nonetheless, it despite everything holds an extensive portion of the market in the business that is ever evolving. The microenvironment is the inward factors that influence the clients, staff, contenders and the investors (Henry, 2008, p.24). The five powers model is the most suitable for the assessment of the microenvironment of Nokia as it contemplates the customers, providers, contenders just as the new participants. The intensity of providers: moderate In spite of the fact that the organization depends on its providers to give gear, there are various huge producers of hardware that they can go to (Baron, 2008, p53). Right now, Microsoft is the provider of programming for the organization and they have a high dealing power together. Also, the organization is in a decent situation to deal just as haggle with any cell phone equipment maker on the grounds that there are an enormous number of the providers of hardware, which are promptly and effectively open should their present providers endeavor to request more cash with them. Additionally, the partnership with the Microsoft Corporation is viewed as an upset for Nokia and not Microsoft. The Microsoft Corporation may have more force in the exchange of cost alongside the offer as the settlement is of more centrality to Nokia that the Microsoft Corporation. The intensity of purchasers: high The clients have an expanding power due to expanding assortment of choices accessible in the part of portable media transmission. Larger part of Nokia’s contenders likewise offer similar bundles and the area is delicate to issues like the costs with customers looking for the best an incentive for their cash. Greater part of the clients are likewise integrated with the dependable agreements and in this manner changing starting with one cell phone then onto the next is hard and exorbitant for buyers. The area has a serious market that has an assortment of decisions, which causes the clients to have a lot of intensity as they to can decide to go to the different contenders of Nokia on the off chance that they are not placated with what the organization is giving. The danger of new contestants: low The market of cell phone is settled and a rewarding one, and there is a moderately low danger of new participants, as the innovation that is expected to match the gadgets that are now existing is exceptionally best in class. This is something that can't be accomplished effectively by any organization. The boundaries to passage into the market are extremely high, as any potential new contestants need a ton of interest in showcasing and innovation with the goal that they can be in a place of testing the companied that are as of now settled (Hill, et al, 2009, p.53). The danger of any potential new participants isn't plausible as the underlying cost that is required to enter the business is high and requires a ton of interest so as to be in a place of going up against the associations that are now settled. Right now, Nokia has a 29 percent of the whole worldwide portable broadcast communications showcase and for any new contestant to get a tad of their market needs a drawn out plotting or even items that are exceptionally inventive when contrasted with some other found in the market (McGuigan, et al 2010, p. 41). For this to be conceivable, the new contender needs high venture for promoting and RD, so as to get positive outcome. The danger of substitutes: Very low It is past sensible uncertainty that cell phones are an ordinary basic in human being’s lives directly and they would not think that its simple to supplant, as purchasers won't be in a place of having steady contact when they are not close to their homes, relatives or even companions (Baron, 2008, p.53). In any case, the shoppers may make contacts with people through different types of media like email address, home phones and informal organizations. In any case, it won't be simple for individuals to stay in touch in their day by day lives, as the types of correspondence are not advantageous. Opposite, advanced mobile phones accompany a few capacities and particulars, which means there are numerous substitutes offered that emphasis on only a solitary capacity. By and by, cell phones are an ordinary prerequisite in the lives of individuals in light of the principal capacities they are fit for performing and would all be able to be found in a solitary handset. Just advanced mobile phones can make calls, send messages, and peruse the web in a solitary gadget. Something else that makes them an amazingly basic gadget to people is the way that it empowers them to impart continually and at wherever. In this way, the danger of options is low in light of the fact that a cell phone isn't just for making calls or for sending messages yet numerous some different capacities. Without the cell phones, individuals will think that its extremely hard to have a substitution, since it can give a ton to them across the board gadget. Individuals additionally depend on the cell phones significantly and might not effectively locate an elective that has the entire elements of a versatile handset. Serious contention: low The contenders of Nokia went to cell phones and androids sufficiently early while Nokia deferred in discharging their first advanced cells, and consequently falling behind contenders like Apple and HTC (Hahn, and Kibora, 2008, p. 12). Their vital partnership with Microsoft, however offers some life saver, despite everything needs some time before finding the rest. There is high rivalry from large organizations like Blackberry, LG and Sony Erickson. The business of cell phone has exceptionally high contention and requirements immense measures of interest in promoting and the RB to have the option to contend with the built up organizations (Stonehouse, et al, 2007, p.43). Nokia had a moderate move into the market of cell phone, and this has left them trailing their rivals. In this manner, there is very high serious contention and the organization should be caution of their rivals’ danger on their business particularly with the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry’s rising prev alence. Serious contention in the business is the main danger to the Nokia Company since they are intensely behind in the market of Smartphone and it actually needs a great deal of endeavors to raise their piece of the pie. Inner Analysis SWOT Analysis

Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give

Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give Reasons For Your Answer â€" Essay Example > LIBERALISM HAS PROVED THE MOST SUCCESSFUL IDEOLOGYDo you agree? Give reasons for your answerINTRODUCTIONA number of scholars hold the view that liberalism as political ideology has left a significant impact on our society and has successfully maintained its political hegemony. Liberalism is the notable promoter of individual liberty (Liberalism and Freedom, 2001) and aims to establish a liberal society where individuals and private institutions are not dominated by the state. The concept of individual freedom is essential to liberalism. It is in this light that this paper will expound on the cases in which liberalism, for the most part, is the leading philosophy, especially in the West. This paper will also discuss the principles and values of liberalism. Various views on liberalism will be studied, which deal with the concepts of human nature, equality, society, the role of government, market and the change process. There are different kinds of liberalism such as classical libera lism, neo-liberalism and social liberalism. This paper will critically evaluate problems in the classical liberalism and neo-liberalism and will examine the background and reasons for the success of liberalism as a political ideology and system. PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF LIBERALISMAccording to liberalism, the individual, as opposed to the community, is the core of social structure. The individual is given importance and provided protection and enough power to exercise his/her own power to meet his/her own socio-economic objectives. The efforts and programs in society are geared towards the enhancement and empowerment of individuals. Liberalism also has high regard for freedom or liberty. According to von Mises (2007), circumstances as they are in the current world present with an insufficient concept of the connotation as well as the likely achievements of liberalism and capitalism in complete blossom. The goal of politics in liberalism is to secure maximum freedom for individuals i n society, and the government plays a key role in this process. Its main role is to protect liberty and individuals’ freedom. In general, liberal governments have been successful in the protection of individuals and the encouragement of the exercise of freedom. There are few societies which have not been able to achieve this but striving for liberty is ongoing in the majority of these areas. LIBERALISM VIEWSOn Human NatureIt can be noted that in liberalism the overall view is optimistic. Liberalism is hopeful, positive and confident in its outlook. Liberalism considers individuals as self-interested and independent utility maximisers. Individuals as rational human beings have the capacity to progress, develop and lead society to a more advanced stage in history. Continuous growth is achieved through the efforts exerted by individuals in society. Nussbaum and Sen (1993) advocate the capabilities approach to well-being. Capability enhancement endeavours further to groom individual s. On EqualityWith regard to the view on equality, liberalism secures legal equality within the boundaries of its political hegemony. Individuals as citizens of a liberal state have equal legal rights and are not discriminated on the basis of colour, language, faith, gender and ethnicity. They will have the same treatment under the law. Individuals have equal worth but unequal talents and skills. The unequal talents and skills differentiate one from the other. The individual’s position in society reflects the individual talent and effort.

Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give

Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give Liberalism Has Proved The Most Successful Ideology. Do You Agree Give Reasons For Your Answer â€" Essay Example > LIBERALISM HAS PROVED THE MOST SUCCESSFUL IDEOLOGYDo you agree? Give reasons for your answerINTRODUCTIONA number of scholars hold the view that liberalism as political ideology has left a significant impact on our society and has successfully maintained its political hegemony. Liberalism is the notable promoter of individual liberty (Liberalism and Freedom, 2001) and aims to establish a liberal society where individuals and private institutions are not dominated by the state. The concept of individual freedom is essential to liberalism. It is in this light that this paper will expound on the cases in which liberalism, for the most part, is the leading philosophy, especially in the West. This paper will also discuss the principles and values of liberalism. Various views on liberalism will be studied, which deal with the concepts of human nature, equality, society, the role of government, market and the change process. There are different kinds of liberalism such as classical libera lism, neo-liberalism and social liberalism. This paper will critically evaluate problems in the classical liberalism and neo-liberalism and will examine the background and reasons for the success of liberalism as a political ideology and system. PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF LIBERALISMAccording to liberalism, the individual, as opposed to the community, is the core of social structure. The individual is given importance and provided protection and enough power to exercise his/her own power to meet his/her own socio-economic objectives. The efforts and programs in society are geared towards the enhancement and empowerment of individuals. Liberalism also has high regard for freedom or liberty. According to von Mises (2007), circumstances as they are in the current world present with an insufficient concept of the connotation as well as the likely achievements of liberalism and capitalism in complete blossom. The goal of politics in liberalism is to secure maximum freedom for individuals i n society, and the government plays a key role in this process. Its main role is to protect liberty and individuals’ freedom. In general, liberal governments have been successful in the protection of individuals and the encouragement of the exercise of freedom. There are few societies which have not been able to achieve this but striving for liberty is ongoing in the majority of these areas. LIBERALISM VIEWSOn Human NatureIt can be noted that in liberalism the overall view is optimistic. Liberalism is hopeful, positive and confident in its outlook. Liberalism considers individuals as self-interested and independent utility maximisers. Individuals as rational human beings have the capacity to progress, develop and lead society to a more advanced stage in history. Continuous growth is achieved through the efforts exerted by individuals in society. Nussbaum and Sen (1993) advocate the capabilities approach to well-being. Capability enhancement endeavours further to groom individual s. On EqualityWith regard to the view on equality, liberalism secures legal equality within the boundaries of its political hegemony. Individuals as citizens of a liberal state have equal legal rights and are not discriminated on the basis of colour, language, faith, gender and ethnicity. They will have the same treatment under the law. Individuals have equal worth but unequal talents and skills. The unequal talents and skills differentiate one from the other. The individual’s position in society reflects the individual talent and effort.

Truman Capote Helped Shape Journalism by Giving it an Edge

â€Å"All literature is gossip†, it was quotes like this that made Truman Capote the writer he was. A truly outstanding and well known journalist that was anything but boring. Known for being controversial and colorful, Truman would be remembered for years to come. Truman Capote was born September, 30, 1924 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Throughout his time he was known for his writing in America. What interests me the most about Truman Capote is the fact that his struggled as a child and that struggle was what faced him to be the person he was. He did not have a happy childhood; he came from a rough background. Capote helped â€Å"shape† the news by giving that edge needed to make it interesting. As a journalist it is important to keep the reader entertained as well as informed. A childhood such as Truman Capote (Born in New Orleans in 1924) is hard to believe because of the type of writer he was. Capote was abandoned by his mother and raised by his aunts and cousins in Mo nroeville, Alabama. As a child he lived a very lonely life. He struggled with dealing with the fact that his mother abandoned him. Due to this emptiness was what led him to become a writer. He (Capote) states â€Å"I began writing really sort of seriously when I was about eleven. I say seriously in the sense that like other kids go home and practice the violin or the piano or whatever; I used to go home from school every day and I would write for about three hours. I was obsessed by it†, he was definitely decided to be

Symbols and Meanings of Steinbecks Of Mice and Men

John Steinbeck’s 1949 novella entitled Of Mice and Men uses many significant symbols to convey meanings about the human condition. Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits to suggest ideas about achieving one’s hopes and dreams. Symbols are a key central device in delivering meaning, as they consistently repeated throughout the narrative and are typically associated with the novella’s many characters. The hand is a significant symbol that recurs throughout the novellas plotline; it comments on the novel’s meanings by suggesting that in order to achieve your hopes and dreams you, you must work hard for it. As each character is introduced Steinbeck makes specific†¦show more content†¦Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits to suggest ideas about achieving one’s hopes and dreams. Symbols are a key central device in delivering meaning, as they consistently repeated throughout the narrative and are typically associated with the novella’s many characters. The hand is a significant symbol that recurs throughout the novellas plotline; it comments on the novel’s meanings by suggesting that in order to achieve your hopes and dreams you, you must work hard for it. As each character is introduced Steinbeck makes specific reference to their hands. This is evident when at the beginning of the narrative when Curley is first introduced – Steinbeck draws attention to the fact that he is wearing a glove. Also, Candy’s â€Å"stump† is often referred throughout the plot. â€Å"Out of the sleeve came a round, stick-like wrist but no hand† (p.20). This links to idea of the human condition because Candy lost his hand operating machinery, working for his hopes and dreams. Also, Curley used to be a boxer and is described as being â€Å"handy† which therefore links to the idea of hard work – an essential part of human nature. John Steinbeck’s 1949 novella entitled Of Mice and Men uses many significant symbols to convey meanings about the human condition. Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits toShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Prompt: John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignitedRead MoreThere Are Many Different Factors That Can Cause Loneliness1715 Words   |  7 Pagesloneliness and isolation in a person’s life. Many of these factors are present throughout Of Mice and Men. The environment and the people who surround that person can really impact the quality of life one lives. Although isolation occurs when a person separates themselves from others physically, a person can also be isolated inside their own minds, even with others around them. In John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, Symbolism, imagery, and tone are used to show how isolation and loneliness shapes theRead MoreAllegories in of Mice and Men1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, ‘Of mice and Men’, John Steinbeck uses allegory to represent different themes and messages. An allegory is a story, poem or a picture which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. While r eading Steinbeck’s book I noticed different metaphors such as the usage of animals and Curley’s wife. Throughout the whole book the reader can notice many animals mentioned such as rabbits, mice, the puppy and the old dog. Curley’s wife is also a sort of symbol. She represents the way in whichRead MoreLiterary Comparison of of Mice and Men, the Pearl, and Cannery Row2335 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish II 2 May 2013 I Pledge John Steinbeck’s Literary Style John Steinbeck is an author who wrote in the early 1900s that makes use of setting, characterization, theme, irony, foreshadowing, and symbolism in his many novels. Steinbeck has modeled most of his work off of his own life. His home state, California, has been found to be the setting for some of his novels. Cannery Row, Of Mice and Men, and The Pearl are all novels by John Steinbeck. These novels not only encompass rich sensoryRead MoreGrapes of Wrath essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesnovella Of Mice and Men. Born in Salinas, California in 1902, Steinbeck spent most of his life in Monterey County, the setting of much of his fiction such as the novel Cannery Row, a novel depicting the canning Co in Monterey at the time . He attended Stanford University between 1920-1926. Steinbeck did not graduate from Stanford, but instead chose to support himself through manual labor while writing. Being part of the labor force during this time greatly influence many of his novels. Steinbecks firstRe ad MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back by societal standards. â€Å"The Harness† is another short story written by John Steinbeck which was featured in Steinbeck’s The LongRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1704 Words   |  7 Pages`Of mice and men` is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novella is a reference to the great depression in California and is set in the 1930’s and portrays the way in which despite the consequences of depressed circumstances, human spirit still survives. During t he aftermath of the great depression, which was a very bad period, men hoped to pick up the shattered pieces of their lives. The author, John Steinbeck, illustrates how people, with the help of friendship of dreams, can prevailRead MoreEssay Symbolism of Loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by Steinbeck925 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism of Loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by Steinbeck Steinbeck’s novel ‘of mice and men’ is set in the time of the Great Depression after the stock market crash of 1929. The currency is almost worthless and people can afford little possessions. Because of the situation there are many people moving from place to place to find work. This means they are never in one place long enough to form any relationships, so this is a very lonely existence: â€Å"Guys likeRead MoreAnalysis Of Mice And Men 1390 Words   |  6 Pagesdespondent characters who are sick of their provincial lives. Loneliness is the feeling of isolation and no hope or dreams in your life-which is what Steinbeck achieves by portraying this theme effectively through key fictional characters in Of Mice and Men. By living in the town of ‘Soledad’ (Spanish for loneliness), the audience gets an overwhelming sense of the depressing environment that the migrant farmers are living through by their repetitive lifestyle and the consequences they face throughRead MoreOmam Essay Questions2412 Words   |  10 PagesWhat do Steinbeck’s first description of George and Lennie tell us about their characters? Discuss this in the regards to the role/relationship of Itinerant workers in the 1930’s Great Depression: In the 1930’s itinerant workers were migrant workers who travelled from land to land to find jobs, any occupation available to allow them to fend for themselves and survive in the disastrous world, they were living in at the time. We know George and Lennie are migrant workers due to the period of time

Cars Essay Example For Students

Cars Essay History of CarsBy Kenny CarrollMotor car, road vehicle which first appeared in the 19th Century. The steam propelled the first cars, but such vehicles were not a success and the age of the motor car really dates from the introduction of the petrol-driven horseless carriages of Gottfrield Daimler and Karl Benz (1885-86). The internal combustion engine for these cars had been developed earlier by several engineers, most notably by the German, Nickolaus Otto, in 1876. The main components of a motor car, from then till now, are a body or chassis to which are attached all other parts including the engine or power plant, the transmission system for transferring the drive to the wheels, and the steering, braking and suspension mechanisms for guiding, stopping and supporting the car. A few experts assembled the first cars, but Henry Ford and R. E. Olds in the USA began modern mass-production in the early 1900s. By this means, the cost of a car was drastically reduced, and more people could afford done. In most modern car factories component parts are put together on assembly lines slow-moving conveyor belts. Each worker usually has a specific task, example fitting doors or crankshafts. Bodies and engines are constructed on separate assembly lines, which converge when the engine is installed. Overhead rail conveyors move heavy components to and along the assembly lines, and lower them into position. At a later stage on the assembly line such items as lamps are fitted, and electrical, braking and control systems are tested. The fully assembled car is road tested before sale. The automobile was not invented overnight. It took shape from an accumulation of technical advances that resulted in a light and efficient engine. The accepted fathers of the modern motor car are two Germans, Karl Benz (1844-1929) and Gottfried Daimler (1834-1900), who built their first petrol-fuelled motor vehicles within a few months of each other (1885-6). More than a hundred years earlier, the first self-propelled road vehicle had rumbled through the streets of Paris at nearly 5km/h (3mph) when Nicolas Cugnot (1725-1804) demonstrated his steam-driven wagon. The German Nikolas Otto (1832-91) made the first four-stroke internal-combustion engine in 1876 and in 1885 Daimler had installed a small four-stroke engine in a cycle frame. He drove his first four-wheeled petrol-driven vehicle round Cannstatt in 1886. In neighboring Mannheim, Benz had tested his three-wheeled car. Daimler licensed the French firm of Panhard and Levassor to build his engine. Levassor placed it at the front of his crude car and it drove the rear road-wheels through a clutch and a gearbox. Thus in 1891 the first car to use modern engineering layout was seen. Within three years of the appearance of the first Panhard France was staging motor races on public road. At the turn of the century, petrol, steam and electric power shared almost equal popularity for powering cars. Steam was well tried and reliable and electric vehicles held the land speed record. France had several established motor manufacturers Panhard, Peugeot, Renault, Daracq, Delahaye and others; in Germany Benz had made the worlds first standard production car, the Velo (1894), and the Daimler company was just about to present the Mercedes to the public (1901). In the United States (USA) the automobile would develop along different lines. There the car was seen not as a rich mans toy, but as a new method of communication in a continent in which travel had been restricted by a lack of roads and great distances. Great Britain (UK), slow to start, had legislated for the car in 1896 when the road speed limits were raised and soon such companies as Lanchester, Daimler (of Coventry), Wolseley and Napier were producing cars. Encouraged by the keen interest shown by King Edward VII, motoring in Britain became an accepted method of travel for the rich. Some British manufacturers began to contest French car supremacy and among them the partnership formed in 1904 between Charles Rolls and engineer Henry Royce was on of the most significant. At that time Henry Ford was preparing the motoring world for his Model T, this was introduced in 1908. Erikson and Goffman on American Identity EssayFuel and exhaust pass in and out of a four-stroke engine using a more sophisticated system of valves, controlled automatically by a camshaft driven direct from the engines crankshaft. As the engine operates, the valves are successively opened and closed. The moment of ignition of the fuel must also be accurately controlled. This is done by a distributor, again mechanically connected to the crankshaft, which directs a current of electricity successively to each of the cylinders. This current fires a spark in the sparking plugs and the fuel is ignited. Ottos engines ran on coal gas, a perfectly satisfactory fuel but one that is difficult to store. The gas engine was greatly improved by the use of liquid fuels such as petrol (gasoline) made by refining crude oil. To turn petrol into a combustible vapor it is mixed with air to form a fine mist of droplets that can be drawn into the cylinders. The mixing is carried out in a carburetor. Unlike steam engines most internal combustion engines do not produce great power at slow speeds. The cylinders are small and each individual ignition stroke produces comparatively little power. To obtain a useful amount of work from such engine it must be run fast, to put the maximum number of ignition strokes into each second. Motor car engines commonly produce their maximum power at speeds of 5,000 revolutions per minute or more. The oscillating pistons and valve gear sets the upper limit on speed. Specially prepared engines, in which great attention has been paid to balance and smoothness, can be obtained more power by running into speeds of 12,000 rpm or more. The Economical Diesel EngineThe compression-ignition engine, designed by the German Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) in 1896, dispenses with the carburetor and sparking plugs of the petrol engine. The gas inside the cylinder on the compression stroke is pure air, which is compressed to 1 : 14 to 1 : 20 of its initial volume a much higher compression ratio than is used in petrol engines. At the top of the compression stroke a fine spray of oil fuel is injected into the cylinder. As gas is compressed its temperature increases, so that the oil spray meets the air charge at a temperature sufficiently high to ignite it spontaneously. Because of its high compression ratio the compression-ignition or diesel engine is more efficient than a petrol engine. But for the same reason it must be more heavily built, thus offsetting the advantage somewhat. Diesel engines offer economies in fuel consumption at the expense of a loss in performance; they are particularly suited to frequent stop and start duties, and as a result are widely used in taxis, buses and lorries. The gas turbine, a completely different kind of engine, was first devised at the beginning of the twentieth century (1900s) and perfected in the 1930s. It usually has a single shaft carrying a series of propeller-like fans divided into two groups, the compressor and the turbine. In an operating gas turbine air is drawn in the compressor fans and its pressure increased. The compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignition takes place, further increasing temperatures and pressures. The burned mixture leaves the engine through the turbine, driving the blades round. The compressor, which is often driven directly by the turbine, takes up much of the power produced, but enough is left to make the gas turbine exceedingly powerful form of engine. Efficiencies are not high, but the good power-to-weight ratio of a gas turbine makes it suitable for aircraft propulsion. A gas turbine is about three times as powerful as a piston engine of the same weight. Words/ Pages : 1,914 / 24

University Versus a Community College Essays - Education

University Versus a Community College One of the hardest decision after graduating from the high school is to choose to go to a university or community college. Universities and community colleges provide academic education and prepare the high school graduates for specific major. However university and community college differ in their admission requirements, learning environment and tuition. Universities ask for more requirements from the students and they only accept students who have high good grades in high school and they often require students to take advance placement tests . Community colleges can have 100% accepting rate for any student who has at least a high school diploma or GED and their placement tests are also easier than universities. Universities always have big classrooms where tens of students can be in each classroom. However, c ommunity colleges have small classrooms where you can have the chance to ask your professor and get the answer. Some students at universities say that sometimes it's hard to ask a question because their classroom has a lot of students so they have less opportunity to interact with their teacher. I f you will go to university you should have a lot of money or have someone who can support you until you finish your education. Going to university is always cost you a lot of money especially for the people who are not eligible for finical aid. Community colleges have affordable tuition and other fees that a normal student can handle during the academic year. Majority of People with small budget s start to go to community colleges where they can save thousands of dollars then they transfer their credits to universities in order to get the bachelor degree. Although university and community college provide academic education, there are remarkable differences in their admission requirements, learning environment and tuition. Nowadays many students start with community college then go to university to get Bachelor's degrees, Master's degrees or Doctorates.

El Imperio Azteca †Espanol Essay

El Imperio Azteca – Espanol Essay Free Online Research Papers El Imperio Azteca Espanol Essay Los aztecas o los Mà ©xicas, eran un grupo indà ­gena que dominà ³ el centro y el sur de Mà ©xico desde el siglo XIV hasta el siglo XVI (Aztecas). Habà ­a ms que 15 millones personas en los 500 ciudades estado en el imperio de los Aztecas. La ciudad ms famosa es Tenochtitlan donde 300,000 personas vivà ­an. Esta ciudad era muy advansada con las calzadas, y una systema de irrigacià ³n (Davies197). Tenochtitlan estaba edificado para el dios Huitzilopochtli. Habà ­a una leyenda de Tenochtitlan, los aztecas veà ­an un buen aguero, un guila comiendo una serpiente sobre un nopal (Smith 197). Ahora, esta ciudad es el Ciudad de Mà ©xico y la imagen de un guila devorando a una serpiente sobre un nopal representa el sà ­mbolo oficial de Mà ©xico (Azteca 1). La civilzation de los aztecas era muy avanzada y organizada. *La Sociedad En la sociedad Azteca, habà ­a tres clases de personas, los nobles, los plebeyos, y los esclavos (Aztecas 1). 5-10 porcentajes de la poblacià ³n eran parte de la clase de los nobles, quien poseà ­a mucha de la tierra y tenà ­a ms libertad que los otros (Smith 143). La segunda clase era los plebeyos. Esta clase no era una parte de las decisiones del gobierno, y es una posibilidad que las personas en esta clase usaban para los sacrificios en el temple (Smith 275). La tercera clase, los esclavos, no tenà ­a libertad. Muchas veces, trabajaba como criados personales a los nobles (Davies 212). Era posible que los criminales vendieran como esclavos, tambià ©n (Davies 213). *La vida diaria Todos los nià ±os y nià ±as fueran a la escuela entre los edades de 10 y 20. Los jà ³venes de la clase plebeyo enseà ±aban sobre guerra y las armas en las escuelas, se llamaban, Telpochealli. Todos, nià ±os y nià ±as enseà ±aban bailar, cantar, y tocar los instrumentos musicales en los rituales sagrados (Smith 137). Las mujeres trabajaban en la casa con los nià ±os, y los hombres trabajaban en los campos y fabricaban las calzadas (Smith 137). *La escritura y la lengua La lengua de los aztecas se llamaba nhuatl (Aztecas). Tambià ©n, esta civilizacià ³n es uno de las cinco sociedades que formaban una lengua escritura (smith 249). La escritura usaba pinturas que se llamaba, â€Å"glyphs† para representar palabras. Por ejemplo, uso muchos tipos de flores diferentes para simbolizar los sacrificios humanos (Davies 238). Hay muchos cancià ³nes para los dioses, leyendas de los hà ©roes y poesà ­a que habà ­an descubierto por los arqueà ³logos (Davies 239). *La Religià ³n La religià ³n era la cosa ms importante a los aztecas. Los creà ­an en muchos dioses reinaba la vida diaria. Habà ­a Huitzilopochtli, el diedad del sol, Coyolxahuqui, la diosa de la luna y representaba la mitologà ­a azteca, Tlloc, el diedad de la luvia,y Qutzalcotl, el inventor del calendario y la escritura (Azteca 1). Tenà ­an muchos dioses, y cada dios hacia una cosa diferente. Los aztecas creà ­an que el dios del sol necesitaba la sangre y los corazones de los sacrificios para movar el sol en el cielo todos los dà ­as. *Sacrificios Humanos Despues de todos los rituales sagrados en el templo, habà ­an sacrificios humanos (Davies 229). Habà ­a una leyenda que la diosa Coyolxahuqui era asesinada por su hermano, el dios del sol, Huitzilopochtli (Azteca 1). Por eso, los aztecas creà ­an que el dios del sol necesitaba la sangre y los corazà ³nes de los sacrificios humanos para mover el sol en el cielo (Smith 280). Tambià ©n, los aztecas creà ­an que todos los dioses exigà ­an sacrificios del los humanos o los dioses se enfadarà ­a. Cuando habà ­a una catstrofe en el mundo como una carestà ­a, los aztecas ofrecà ­an sacrficios de prisioneros o exclavos para â€Å"alimentar a las deidades solares para asegurarse la continuidad de su aparicià ³n cada dà ­a y con con ella la permanencia de la vida humana, animal y vegetal sobre la Tierra† (Aztecas 1). Habà ­a sacrificios horrendos a â€Å"The Feast of the Flayed God.† Aquà ­, el sacerdote escogà ­o un prisionero para desollar. Entonces, para veinte dà ­as despuà ©s de la ceremonà ­a, el sacerdote llevà ³ el piel del prisionero (Davies 229). En el otro ritual, se puso la cabeza del prisionero en un pared de cabezas y en una ceremonà ­a, el cuerpo del prisionero se comà ³ a un banquete (Davies 228). * Los Calendarios Los aztecas tenà ­an dos calendarios, como los Mayas en Mà ©xico. La primera usà ³ para los sacerdotes y los astrà ³logos. Habà ­a 260 dà ­as, 20 semanas de 13 dà ­as (Davies 225). Los sacerdotes utlizaba esta calendario para recorder los rituals y para predecir el futuro de cada persona (Smith 254). Tenà ­a un calendario solar de 365 dà ­as, divididos en 18 meses de 20 dà ­as, y al fà ­n del cada aà ±o, habà ­a 5 dà ­as de mala suerte (Smith 254). Usaban este calendario para ceremonà ­as pà ºblicas y para recordar los temporados. Los dos calendarios eran un parte del 52 aà ±o ciclo (Aztecas 1). *La Agricultura Los Aztecas ocupaban una zona pantosa, como tenochtitlan, situada al oeste del lago (Aztecas 1). Por eso, hacà ­an bancos de terreno por los pobladores de las ciudades-estado en el lago Texcoco. Se llamaban los bancos, chinampas, que consistà ­an en rectngulos de lodo. Habà ­a canales de irrigacà ­on alredador de las cinampas (Smith 71). No utilizaban los animals para cultivar la tierra sino, usaban el palo, se llamaba coa (Smith 71). Crecà ­an maà ­z, tabaco, chiles, fruta y maguey (Aztecas 2). Tambià ©n, en las montaà ±as, crecà ­eron las cosechas en terrazos (Smith 71). *Chocolate Los Aztecas creà ­an que el dios Quetzacoatl trajo del cielo las semillas de cacao y les enseà ±Ãƒ ³ como cultivar el rbol(Chocolate el alimento de los dioses). Cacao es uns semilla del arbà ³l. Los aztecas usaban cacoa como la moneda y un bebida ritual. Pagaron los impuestos con las semillas del cacao (Smith 118). 100 semillas comprà ³ un esclavo. Tambià ©n, los nobles bebà ­an un bebida de cacao, chocolate, en el corte de Moctezuma. Bebà ­an ms de 50 cantros cada dà ­a en el corte (Smith 56). El cacao, tan valioso como el oro y las gemas (Chocolate el alimento de los dioses). *La Conquista Mocteczuma II era el reino cuando Hernan Cortez llegà ³ en el Febrero de 1519 a Mà ©xico (Smith 276). Los espaà ±oles eran ms diferente que los aztecas, tenà ­an barbas negras, piel blanco, alcohol, y el caà ±Ãƒ ³n. Moctezuma piensà ³ que los espaà ±oles fueron dioses y por eso, Cortez recibà ³ muchas regalos del oro y plumas de Moctezuma (Smith 280). Cortez y los espaà ±oles les gustaban los regalos y querà ­an ms. Entraron Tecnochtitlan, y mataron Mochtezuma II. Tambià ©n, muchos aztecas se murieron de una plaga de los espaà ±oles (Smith 281). En Agusto de 1521, los espaà ±oles ganaron el imperio azteca (Davies 190). Bibliografia Davies, Nigel. The ancient kingdoms of Mexico. Penguin Books, new York: 1982. (210-240) Smith, Michael E. The Aztecs. Blackwell Publishers. Massachusetts: 1996. (248-260) Research Papers on El Imperio Azteca - Espanol EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayGenetic EngineeringComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

E-Commerce - Essay Example E-commerce has progressed from online billboards to a entirely functional, personalized shopping incidence over the past decade. This whole process was full of experiments and had lots of troubles along the way. The e-commerce technologies first came to sight in the late 1970’s when the implementation of electronic transactions between businesses, in addition to the exchange of information, which was done in the form of electronic purchase orders and invoices. The evolution period discussed is interesting which has allowed consumers to have online shopping experience and this is the concept which still applies. The example which we can relate here is Amazon.com which has spent years in reaching the position where it stands today (chagger, 2007). 3. (How to create a successful e-commerce Web site): What do you need to have/do? Use your own words, dont copy/paste from copyrighted material online (yes, everything online is copyrighted even if its free!) Starting an e-commerce business these days is easier than it has ever been. Now we have an abundance of tools, software, expert professionals and numerous resources which can easily teach us the exact path. Next it is required to choose a definite and targeted niche market. After selecting this it is suggested to go for ready-made e-commerce shopping cart systems that are web-based, which allows you to save time. You can use this time to market your site and get more traffic. The last thing which is required to focus is carefully designing and testing back end processes. If appropriate time is not spent on the front and back-end processes it may end up with a lot of irritable customers which will affect your brand or profitability in the long run. Example of a specific company which we can relate here is the ebay.com which has made long term investments in research and development and made a perfect online solution (Allbusiness.com, 2006). The apparent differences are the

Gender in Magazine Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender in Magazine Discourse - Essay Example Whereas female magazines like Elle and Martha Stewart Living, revolve within beauty, dating tips, gender equality, relationships and celebrities. Even more in the Cosmopolitan. Just as well, there are discourse similarities too such as money, careers, health and religion. As such, male magazines often feature sexist discourse and imagery in emphasizing physical attributes of female personalities, thus objectify women. In contrast, a female magazine would also feature a woman, and thus personify her as a social pillar or role model in a particular discipline for purposes of gender empowerment to all women. Additionally, articles engage and use various activities that ultimately set the pace in defining fashion trends and identifying with society’s perceptions of the ideal man or woman. In manly magazines, like Attitude featuring Alan Cummings, car races, hunting sprees and boxing are prime examples. For female types; Glamour magazine featuring gardening tips, tend to lean toward; remodeling, recipes, shopping, interior design and dà ©cor or even gossip. Through discourse these activities define society’s unwritten social statuses where more often than not, gender identities are tailored to fit traditional masculinity or alpha male identity. Articles therefore embody use of political, socio-cultural, verbal and body language signs as channels of communication to further their discourse (Gill 196). However, I do not conform to the depiction of gender in magazines because whatever is portrayed through them is often a discriminative blind fold that not only overlooks divergent and different views but also reproduces biased stereotypes to society’s

Advantages of Learning Organization

Advantages of Learning Organization Due to impacts of the international financial crisis and the notable slowdown of the economy, Bank co has encountered more challenges. Accordingly, Bank co is transforming from an operational company to a sales-oriented one, in a bid to enhance their competitiveness. As the customer services centers are established and original branch institutes are shut down, the structure change influences 7 percent of the workforce. The board doesnt think a young management can handle the shift and further reforms; therefore, a great emphasis is put on staff learning approaches. As the staff capabilities are core resource to an organizations competitive advantage, all the management focuses on the planning and implementing of strategies. This essay not only elaborates Bank cos successful integration its HRM strategy with the overall business strategy, but also discusses the problems in the policy implementation. Some coherent solutions for these problems are also discussed in this essay. 2.0 Bank cos Objective as a Learning Organization 2.1 Definition of Learning Organization Peter (1990) proposed that any organizational thought a learning organization can be conducted by teams led by managers that facilitate a communication that values reflective thought, new patterns of thinking and a suspension of assumptions. In generally speaking, a learning organization has the following characteristics. First, the staff has a shared vision as their daily guideline and considers all organizational processes, functions, activities, and interactions with the overall environment as a member of the system. Second, each staff can air their own opinions to each other without fear of criticism or punishment. Third, staff sacrifices their personal self-interest and integrates department interest to cooperate to achieve the organizations shared vision. 2.2 Advantages of Learning Organization Brandt (2003) proposed that a learning organization is just like a school, a flexible and responsive organization should change in accord with changing circumstances. A learning organization has the following advantages. First, learning organization can promote continuous improvement. Whether project outcomes satisfy customers needs or not relies on how managers assess and narrow the gap between the two. Levine (2001) found that improve managers concentration span to organizational learning is a great potential to establish cooperation and continuous improvement that promote organizational performance. Second, learning organization can promote innovation. Although this statement is obviously true, but there is no quantitative study based on parallels between the characteristics of learning organization and the statement in literature that supports innovation and employee creativity can improve the performance of learning organization (Ramous and Steger, 2000). Third, learning organiz ation can foster community building. As learning community can break through stereotype routines and cultivate effective learning environment. Digenetic (1998) claimed that a learning community should be a mechanism for creating the learning organization. 2.3 Evaluation of Bank cos Objective With the financial crisis wreaking havoc on nations across all continents, the sense of living in a globalized age has become more acute. To cope with profound changes, Bank co made a strategic shift which focuses on four main units. First, human resource planning is long-term programs of Bank co. Due to the resignation of skilled and veteran managers, Bank co supports staff development by offering investment of  ¿Ã‚ ¡17 million. It allocates about 25,000 training days for the staff each year. The training and development (TD) department has finished the training programs for more than 5,600 managers until nowadays. And the training programs coherently focus on five units, such as, resourcing and development, HR quality, training design and delivery, equal opportunities and residential training. Second, training and development should be implemented to management staffs at all levels. Since a survey indicates that 60% employees considered that the training programs are just attending courses, the TD department decided to implement a wider range of flexible training methods, such as, self-directed learning, coaching, job rotation, secondments, etc. As a result, staff at all levels start to self-study in learning resource center without the reliance on training courses. Their hobbies and interests have been explored by a large margin. Thats to say, Bank co cultivates a learning atmosphere within the company, and ushers staff to take the responsibility of self-development. Third, employee relations are another focus of Bankco. The employee relations are cooperative instead of competitive, because staff at all levels share the same goal of the organization. It coincides with the policy of a harmonious society. It is an opportunity for staff to realize themselves, while it is a challenge for the managers who provide opportunities within which the staff can learn and develop. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest need on the pyramid of needs, self-actualization must produce an attraction and stimulant for staff to find themselves (Maslow, 2008). Fourth, personnel operation is important. As HR department had considerable power, Bank co established a belief that a learning organization would remain competitive and successful. The shift causes an unprecedented series of efforts and initiatives intended to learn from diverse source, because the line managers are responsible for ensuring that proper action will be good for individuals who keep a partnership with their mangers. During the establishment of learning organization, Bankco has achieved good financial performance as a reward. 2.4 The Achievement of Learning Shift The shift from being operational to becoming sales oriented has brought significant changes in the performance of Bank co. First, as a learning organization, Bankco retains knowledge workers. Bank cos shift causes some of middle-aged managers to leave, when the company is in desperate need of talent to rebuild itself. Therefore, the management had to give top priority to learning programs to cultivate talent as fast as possible. Second, the learning center collects public recording which is unobtrusive and useful in the execution of decision-making and work process. The data on management and information about staff behaviors to certain jobs are useful for researches to analyze Bank cos operation and set down the appropriate management policies. As learning is applied to innovate or modify individual dispositions, processes, policies, and procedures, the staff can further develop their interests and hobbies, Bankco can improve its management experience as well. 5.0 Conclusion In our uncertain world, the only thing that appears to be certain is that social computer-base communication technologies are rapidly becoming online hot spots and changing the way we communicate and information. It is convenient to express social relationships on the IM and blog through links and comments. But we should take advantage of these technologies and overcome their challenges. The best approach is to develop good habits to use computer-based communication technologies, even the link is from friends, they need verify to friends again.

Troublemaking Interpretations of Horation Ode Essay -- Horation Ode

Troublemaking Interpretations of Horation Ode   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There exists debate of how one is to read Marvell's "Horation Ode," One of the most unexamined issues in the three essays, yet one which seems to be a presupposition for most of the argumentation that goes on between both parties, is Brooks's careful caveat early in his essay that his project is not to "reveal triumphantly that what it [Marvell's poem] really says is something quite opposed to what we have supposed it to be saying" ("Ode" 323). For Bush, what the poem is supposed to have said is key, for his argument will rest around such suppositions and commonalities, or unprejudiced readings as he might call it; and among his final arguments will be that "Marvell's poem means what it says" (348), which will be arrived at by looking at the poem in "its common and natural sense"(341). But Brooks is not necessarily strict in sticking to traditional interpretation, so it is intriguing he would begin with what we might call at this point an interpretational warning label to insure that the reader does not misinterpret him and think that he is trying to merely find a new interpretation for an old poem. While he will later argue that the New Critic is indeed in debt to the historicist, and we might accept this initial warning as a part of that debt to "proper norms" (326), it is with other interests in mind that Brooks ends his "Notes on the Limits of'History' and the Limits of 'Criticism."' Invoking Matthew Arnold, Brooks concludes his essay dealing with Leslie Fielder's call to "interpret literature in relation to the rest of man's concerns" (qtd. in "Limits" 354). To this, Brooks is "in hearty agreement" ("Limits" 354), and with this ending it is clear that there are ... ...es so many of his criticisms of Brooks in terms of how he looks for "desperate solutions" that stray from a common sense reading of the poem. This idea that the type of critic that Brooks advocates makes trouble for the type of interpretation established by a historical reading of the poem raises such questions as the role of the critic in a society, and whether this critic is obliged to make trouble or not, and who is to be the focus of his troublemaking energies.    Works Cited Brooks, Cleanth. "Criticism and Literary History: Marvell's Horation Ode." Class Handout ENG 415. April 9th, 1996. "Notes on the Limits of'History' and the Limits of ‘Criticism’." Class Handout ENG 415 April 9th, 1996. Bush, Douglas. "Marvell's 'Horation Ode'." Class Handout ENG 415. April 9th, 1996. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge, 1990.   

Ikea Operations Management Essay

Profile: ikea IKEA is the world’s most successful mass-market retailer, selling Scandinavian-style home furnishings and other house goods in 230 stores in 33 countries and hosting 410 million shoppers per year. An acronym for founder Ingvar Kamprad and his boyhood home of Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd, IKEA began operating in Sweden in 1943 and continues its original ethos based upon cost obsession fused with design culture. No design, no matter how inspired, finds its way into the catalogue if it cannot be made affordable. With an aim of lowering prices across its entire offering by an average of 2% to 3% each year, its signature feature is the flat packed product that customers assemble at home, thus reducing transportation costs. Yet, unlike some peers, IKEA has sustainability at heart and, through an internal mantra of ‘low price but not at any price’ is a leading example of sustainable innovation and business growth.The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,500 suppliers in more than 50 countries. It also sells online and by mail order with the print run for the 2006 catalogue hitting 160 million – more than the Bible, so IKEA claims. Finding the right manufacturer for the right product is a key component of the company’s success. It once contracted with ski makers – experts in bent wood – to manufacture its Poang armchairs, and has tapped makers of supermarket carts to turn out durable sofas. Simplicity, a tenet of Scandinavian design, also helps keep costs down. For example, the 50 cents Trofà © mug comes only in blue and white – the least expensive pigments. IKEA’s conservation drive extends naturally from this cost-cutting. Adding to the challenge, the suppliers and designers work to customize some Ikea products to make them sell better in local markets. That said, the global middle class, that IKEA targets, shares buying habits: The $120 Billy bookcase, $13 Lack side table, and $190 Ivar storage system are its best-sellers worldwide and average spending per customer globally is even similar: According to IKEA, the figure in Russia is $85 per store visit – exactly the same as in statistically more affluent Sweden. IKEA operates approx 25 US stores, which account for 11% of the company’s sales and Germany is its biggest market, accounting for nearly one-fifth of revenue. Sales have been growing steadily each year thanks both to expansion of its store network and the ongoing price cuts – 18 new stores were opened in 2005 and the retailer reduced prices by 3%. Such expansion has kept IKEA’s turnover rising – in 2005 by 17.3% to $18.8 billion from $16.0 billion in 2004. And, although being privately held IKEA’s profit figures are not published, conservative estimates put pretax operating profits at around $1.7 billion. IKEA maintains these profits even while it cuts prices steadily with operating margins of approximately 10% being among the best in home furnishing. To keep growing, IKEA is accelerating store rollouts in both large outlet and new high-street formats. Nineteen new large outlets are set to open worldwide in 2006, at an average cost of $66 million per store. The firm plans to boost their profile in three of its fastest-growing markets: In Russia, where it is already a huge success in Moscow, in China, where is has a strong footprint, and in the US, where the goal is to have 50 outlets by 2010. IKEA demonstrates that, when underpinned by strategic partnerships with manufacturers and suppliers, providing access to affordable contemporary design, in an exciting, yet simple format can be a winning formula. Where and when did IKEA start? What does IKEA stand for? Who founded IKEA? Find out all about the history of IKEA and the timeline of the store’s development in this article. IKEA founder, Ingvar KampradIngvar Kamprad The founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, began his business career as a young boy selling matches purchased in bulk individually for a profit to his neighbors near Agunnaryd. As his business grew, he expanded to selling fish, seeds, Christmas decorations and eventually, pencils and ball-point pens which were a new phenomenon in 1935. He was very clever in utilizing his resources – he delivered his goods by bicycle, and later used the local milk delivery vehicle to make deliveries. IKEA In 1943, with a gift from his father, Ingvar established his business, using his initials, Ingvar Kamprad, the name of the farm on which he was born, Elmtaryd and the village nearby, Agunnaryd for the acronym. At this time, he was selling everything from pens and wallets to watches and nylon stockings by going door to door and selling directly to his customers. By 1945, the first advertisements for IKEA began showing up in local newspapers and he had developed a rudimentary catalog. IKEA Catalog Locally manufactured furniture first showed up in the IKEA product range in 1947 and was received positively by its customers. It wasn’t until 1951 however that Ingvar began to focus only on furniture and discontinued all other products from the IKEA product range. The first IKEA furniture catalog was published that same year and 2 years later, in response to competition, the first furniture showroom opened in the village of Älmhult. This same competition caused other furniture stores and manufacturers to put pressure on suppliers to boycott IKEA which led to the critical decision to design their own furniture beginning in 1955. IKEA Flat Pack Furniture ikea_lovet_table.jpgIt’s difficult to overstate the importance of this turn of events. Designing furniture for their own stores allowed IKEA to focus on low prices, improve function and ultimately led to the success of the company. Around this time, an employee removed the legs of a table in order to fit it into the trunk of a car and avoid transportation damage, which began IKEA thinking about designing furniture to be flat packed. In 1956, IKEA began testing the concept of flat pack to reduce costs through reduced transportation expenses, lowered storage space requirements, decreased transportation damage and reductions in labor costs. The IKEA Lovet table, pictured left, was the first IKEA product designed as flat pack furniture. http://www.ikeafans.com/ikea/ikea-history/ikea-history.html Ingvar Kamprad The founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, began his business career as a young boy selling matches purchased in bulk individually for a profit to his neighbors near Agunnaryd. As his business grew, he expanded to selling fish, seeds, Christmas decorations and eventually, pencils and ball-point pens which were a new phenomenon in 1935. He was very clever in utilizing his resources – he delivered his goods by bicycle, and later used the local milk delivery vehicle to make deliveries. History of IKEA IKEA was founded in Älmhult, Sweden, in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad. He founded the company at the age of 17. IKEA is an acronym incidentally similar to the Greek word ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± [oikia] which means (home) and to the Finnish word oikea (correct, right), but actually was originally an abbreviation for â€Å"Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd†. Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd comes from the address where Ingvar Kamprad started the company IKEA initially. Originally, IKEA sold pens, wallets, picture frames, table runners, watches, jewelry and nylon stockings or practically anything Kamprad decided is a needed product on reduced price. Furniture was first added to the IKEA product range in 1948. In 1955, IKEA began to design its own furniture. The company motto is: â€Å"Affordable Solutions for Better Living.† At first, Kamprad sold his goods out of his home and by mail order. Later a store was opened in the town of Älmhult. It was also the location for the first IKEA â€Å"warehouse† store which came to serve as a model for IKEA establishments elsewhere. On March 23, 1963, the first store outside Sweden was opened in Asker, a Norwegian municipality outside Oslo. IKEA has grown step by step into the world’s largest furniture retailer. There are 202 Ikea stores in 32 countries. Of these, 180 stores belong to the Ikea Group. The remaining 22 stores are owned and run by franchisees outside the Ikea Group. Products Available IKEA’s products are used from the customers for the whole furnishing of a home. Customers may find everything they need and basically furnish their houses â€Å"from the forks to the chairs†. The products available are: * Storage furniture; * TV solutions; * Small storages; * Sofas and armchairs; * Tables and desks; * Chairs and lighting; * Decoration and mirrors; * Floors; * Textiles and rugs; * Beds and mattresses; * Cooking and eating; * Furniture care and hardware; * Kitchen cabinets and appliances; * Bathroom furniture; * Clothes storages; * Safety products;

Essay about Chartism Womens Suffrage and National...

Chartism was a working-class political movement calling for the extension of the franchise that emerged in the mid-1830s. Motivated by a sense of ‘betrayal’ by the actions of the Whig government and the impact of a deep economic depression between 1837 and 1842, it saw political reform as essential if the living and working conditions of working people were to be improved. The power of the spoken and written word played a central role in Chartism and the foremost demagogue of the movement was Feargus O’Connor, whose rhetoric in all its ambiguity and exaggeration was published in his newspaper, The Northern Star. His speech at York, reported in the Star on 6 July 1839, was in favour of a motion that: â€Å"every male adult of the kingdom†¦show more content†¦The campaign for democratic reform began around the Battle of Waterloo and fluctuated alongside economic pressure. In 1838, the democratic reform was reborn as ‘Chartism’. Chartism b ecame a national political movement, a group of people working together to achieve a political goal, and was one explanation for the support of Chartism. The creation of the ‘People’s Charter’ (1838), incorporated the principles of Cartwright, proposing all that the poor and working class desperately needed. Chartism gave the people a voice and with that voice, gave the solutions they sought. One answer to people’s woes was addressed by the speaker of the extract, which was, â€Å"a fair day’s wage for a fair day’s work†. FLOW The motion favoured at this meeting was Universal male suffrage – i.e. all adult males over 21, of ‘sound mind’...not undergoing punishment for crime, should have the vote...’. QUOTE ASS BOOKLET Although this was a radical step, they omitted to go above the hierarchical nature of British society at the time and include the vote for women. Women, ‘seldom spoke on public plat forms’ (Thompson, 1984, pp 120-1, RB, pg 39), however, Lovett, amongst other Chartists, were in agreement that women should have the vote. There are two separate economic issues within Chartism though O’Connor and addresses both. First, there was the issue of the ‘Old Corruption’, a radical concept thatShow MoreRelatedAP-Suffrage In England1416 Words   |  6 Pagessteps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend the suffrage in England. What group and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? Several groups, movements and reform bills passed between 1832 and 1918 extended the suffrage in England. The process took many years and the voting rights were first given to the wealthier and more distinguished men, then later to the less wealthy men, and finally to women. The major reform bills that extended the suffrage in England were the Reform Bill of 1832, 1867Read MoreAssess the significance of popular pressure in bringing about improved representation and greater democracy in Britain in the period 1830-19312683 Words   |  11 Pagesrole in stimulating change such as the work of individuals an d rivalry between the political parties themselves. The role of popular pressure in bringing about improved representation and greater democracy in Britain was both extensive and diverse. The movements involved the working and middle class and the methods used varied from violence to peaceful protest. The predominantly middle class Suffragette movement was well known for its radicalism. The campaign for the female franchise had been